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Light and light based technologies have played an important role in transforming our lives via scientific contributions spanned over thousands of years. In this book we present a vast collection of articles on various aspects of light and its applications in the contemporary world at a popular or semi-popular level. These articles are written by the world authorities in their respective fields. This is therefore a rare volume where the world experts have come together to present the developments in this most important field of science in an almost pedagogical manner. This volume covers five aspects related to light. The first presents two articles, one on the history of the nature of light, and the other on the scientific achievements of Ibn-Haitham (Alhazen), who is broadly considered the father of modern optics. These are then followed by an article on ultrafast phenomena and the invisible world. The third part includes papers on specific sources of light, the discoveries of which have revolutionized optical technologies in our lifetime. They discuss the nature and the characteristics of lasers, Solid-state lighting based on the Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, and finally modern electron optics and its relationship to the Muslim golden age in science. The book’s fourth part discusses various applications of optics and light in today's world, including biophotonics, art, optical communication, nanotechnology, the eye as an optical instrument, remote sensing, and optics in medicine. In turn, the last part focuses on quantum optics, a modern field that grew out of the interaction of light and matter. Topics addressed include atom optics, slow, stored and stationary light, optical tests of the foundation of physics, quantum mechanical properties of light fields carrying orbital angular momentum, quantum communication, and Wave-Particle dualism in action.

Physics. --- Quantum optics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Quantum Optics. --- Popular Science in Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators

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This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.

Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical data processing. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Materials science. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Biological Microscopy. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Optical equipment --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy --- Biological Microscopy --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices --- Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics --- Nanoscale Science and Technology --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials --- Life Sciences --- Laser --- Nanophysics --- Characterization and Analytical Technique --- X-ray optics --- X-ray imaging --- Mathematical imaging --- Sub-diffraction optical microscopy --- Multidimensional microscopy --- High resolution spectroscopy --- Lensless imaging --- Time dependent x-ray scattering --- Inverse optical problems --- Nano biophotonics --- DFG funded OA book --- Nanoscale optical imaging --- Nanoscale biological imaging --- Open Access --- Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry --- Scientific equipment, experiments & techniques --- Biology, life sciences --- Optical physics --- Applied optics --- Computer vision --- Nanotechnology --- Testing of materials